Here is a complete list of some of the better items for each of the following components. They may not be the most practical ones to use, but they are the best in terms of rates for that material.

Junk - Mostly everything gives some junk, with some exceptions

Common Materials

• Base Components  →  Rune Bolts / Rune Swords / Shields / Ascension bolts
• Basic Components  →  Any armour or weapon
• Bladed Components  →  Dragon Longsword / Black Knives / Rune 2h Sword
• Clear parts  →  Crystal flasks/light orbs
• Crafted components  →  Titan's Con. Scrolls / Arrows / Adamant Platebodies
• Crystal Parts  →  Harmonic Dust
• Deflecting Component  →  White & Black Kiteshields
• Flexible Parts    →    Shieldbows
• Head Parts    →    Adamant Maces / Rune Maces / White Maces / Ascension bolts
• Magic Parts    →    Staves / Runes
• Organic parts  →  Seeds / Snape Grass / Tortured Souls
• Simple Parts  →  Mid-high tier ores, leathers, logs
• Smooth Parts  →  Adamant Maces / Rune Maces / White Maces
• Spiked Components  →  Adamant Daggers / Knives
• Spiritual Components  →  Titan's Con. Scrolls / Elder Charms
• Stave Parts  →  Shieldbows / Staves
• Tensile Parts  →  Shieldbows

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Uncommon Materials

• Dextrous components  →  Magic stock and Magic Shortbows
• Direct components  →  Dragon spear
• Enhancing components  →  Antipoison++ (4dose best) / Ruby ring / Ring of Slaying / Zamorak Brews (4dose)
• Ethereal components  →  Portents(Restoration best)
• Evasive components  →  Royal d'hide vamb / Insulated Boots
• Healthy components  →  Rocktails (cooked/raw)
• Imbued components  →  Battle Staves
• Swift Components  →  Rune Darts / Rune Knives
• Living components  →  Magic logs
• Pious components  →  Tortured Souls
• Powerful components  →  Battle Staves / Chaos and Death Runes
• Precious components  →  Rings of Slaying
• Precise components  →  Magic shieldbow(strung is higher yield than unstrung)
• Protective components  →  Royal d'hide vamb / Royal d'hide chaps / White Armors / Black Armors
• Refined components  →  Use Junk Refiner device
• Sharp components  →  Dragon 2h
• Strong components  →  Magic shieldbow(strung is higher yield than unstrung)
• Stunning components  →  Black knives / Magic stock
• Subtle components  →  Adamant and Rune Scimatars / Whips / Defenders
• Variable parts  →  Sirenic Scales / Crystal Key / Loop and Tooth Key Parts

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Rare Materials

• Ancient Component  →  Third-Age Items (ranged gear for the cheaper side imho)
• Armadyl component  →  Armadyl god item
• Ascended component  →  Sirenic gear
• Avernic components  →  Blades of Avaryss and Nymora, Anima Core of Zamorak
• Bandos component  →  Bandos god item
• Brassican component  →  A cabbage
• Clockwork component  →  Clockwork items
• Corporeal component  →  Spirit shield
• Culinary component  →  From culinary chest (barrow gloves)
• Cywir components  →  Wand of the Cywir elders, Anima Core of Seren
• Dragonfire component  →  Royal cross bow, dragonfire shield
• Explosive component  →  Hand cannon
• Faceted components  →  Crystal tools, Crystal Armour
• Fortunate component  →  Treasure Trial unique item
• Fungal component  →  Ganodermic gear
• Harnessed component  →  Elemental items
• Ilujankan components   →  Zarosian Essence, Dragon Rider lance, Anima Core of Zaros
• Knightly components  →  Black/White Equipment/Weapons
• Noxious component  →  Noxious items
• Oceanic component  →  Seasinger
• Pestiferous component  →  Void Knight items
• Resilient component  →  Tetsu
• Rumbling component  →  Tectonic, Raids, Drygores
• Saradomin component  →  Saradomin god item
• Seren component  →  Crystal items
• Shadow components  →  Shadow glaive, off-hand Shadow glaive, Anima Core of Sliske
• Shifting component  →  Chaotics
• Silent component  →  Death lotus / Death lotus darts(cheaper)
• Undead component  →  Barrows, Malevolent, Merciless kite, Vengeful kite
• Zamorak component  →  Zamorak god item
• Zaros component  →  Zaros god items

With help from this dude

Updated 17/05/2016 at 20:40

Added the following to the list:
• Avernic components - Blades of Avaryss and Nymora, Anima Core of Zamorak
• Cywir components - Wand of the Cywir elders, Anima Core of Seren
• Ilujankan components - Zarosian Essence, Dragon Rider lance, Anima Core of Zaros
• Shadow components - Shadow glaive, off-hand Shadow glaive, Anima Core of Sliske